ANALISIS KUALITAS DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR KALI SURABAYA

Abstract

Sebagian besar limbah cair hasil dari kegiatan manusia dibuang ke saluran. Sekitar 60% pencemaran Kali
Surabaya berasal dari limbah domestik (Fatnasari dan Hermana, 2010). Padahal air Kali Surabaya memasok
sekitar 96% kebutuhan air baku Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Surabaya (Herera dkk, 2013).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pencemaran dan menentukan prioritas strategi
pengendalian pencemaran air Kali Surabaya menggunakan AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Processes).
Pengumpulan data sekunder berupa data kualitas air Kali Surabaya yang terdiri dari temperatur, TSS, pH,
BOD, COD, DO, nitrat, amonia, kromium, tembaga, nitrit, minyak, deterjen, fenol, total coli, dan faecal coli
yang dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air kelas 2 berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 82 tahun 2001.
Kemudian dilakukan penentuan status mutu air Kali Surabaya menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran
berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 115 tahun 2003. Analisis Strategi pengendalian
pencemaran air Kali Surabaya didapat setelah dilakukan pembagian kuesioner kepada Badan Lingkungan
Hidup Provinsi Jawa Timur, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan, Perum Jasa Tirta, Dinas Perindustrian dan
Perdagangan, PDAM dan Tokoh Masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter pencemar air
Kali Surabaya adalah TSS, BOD, DO, nitrit, minyak, dan fenol. Selain itu, status mutu air Kali Surabaya
termasuk tercemar ringan. Hasil running prgram AHP diketahui bahwa strategi pengendalian pencemaran air
Kali Surabaya lebih menitik beratkan pada ketegasan dalam menaati peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.

The Surabaya River’s main problem currently was the wastewater resulted from human activities mostly being discharged into the river. About 60% of Surabaya River pollution originated from domestic wastewater (Fatnasari dan Hermana, 2010). Infact, about 96% of water Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Surabaya take from this river (Herera dkk, 2013). This study aims for identification of pollution level and determination of strategy priority of water pollution control in Surabaya River using Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP). The study was begun from secondary data collection of water quality parameter of: temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, chromium, copper, oil, detergent, phenol, total coli and faecal coli. The data would be compared with stream standard. Then quality status of Surabaya River water was determined by using pollution index method according to Ministry of Environment Decree N0. 115/2003. The analysis of strategy to control Surabaya River water was done by questionnaire and direct interview methods to Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH) of East Java Province, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan, Perum Jasa Tirta I, Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, PDAM and several affectional peoples in society. The result of study shows that the polluting parameters of water in Surabaya River were TSS, BOD, DO, nitrite, oil and phenol. The water quality status of Surabaya River is categorized as low polluted. From the result of AHP the strategy of water pollution control in Surabaya River should be focused on social aspect which more focused firmness in keeping the existing regulations