Jurnal Purifikasi

EXTRACTION OF LACCASE ENZYME PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM IN RICE HUSK MEDIA FOR TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON REDUCTION

Diah Ayu Prawitasari, Annisa Muthmainah — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 18:49:27 +0700

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) is a persistent soil contaminant that requires effective and sustainable remediation strategies. This study investigates the production and application of crude laccase enzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivated using rice husk as a low-cost lignocellulosic substrate for TPH reduction in contaminated soil. Fungal cultures were initially propagated on PDA medium and subsequently transferred to PDB supplemented with rice husk under controlled conditions of 30°C and pH 7. Crude laccase was extracted using phosphate buffer, and its enzymatic activity was measured spectrophotometrically using ABTS as a substrate. After 14 days of incubation, laccase activity reached 24.49 U/L, with a maximum crude enzyme yield of 37.42%. The application of 15 mL of crude laccase extract to 5 g of contaminated soil reduced TPH concentration from 10% to 4.67%, achieving a removal efficiency of 53.3%. Laccase facilitates hydrocarbon degradation through oxidation reactions, particularly targeting aromatic and phenolic compounds. These findings demonstrate the potential of rice husk as an economical substrate for fungal laccase production and support the application of crude laccase as a promising approach for sustainable soil bioremediation. Further optimization of enzyme production and treatment conditions is recommended to enhance remediation efficiency.

ANALYSIS OF CLEARIFIER SLUDGE GENERATION AND COMPRESSIBILITY AS A BASIS FOR SLUDGE REMOVAL OPTIMIZATION

Didin Solahudin — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 18:50:45 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between clarifier influent characteristics and sludge generation as well as sludge compressibility as a basis for optimizing sludge discharge operations in a Water Treatment Plant (WTP). The research was conducted using a quantitative experimental approach through direct observation of turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and sludge volume parameters obtained from sedimentation tests using an Imhoff cone at time intervals ranging from 10 to 120 minutes. Sampling was carried out purposively at the clarifier inlet with a total of 20 samples collected over a two-week observation period. Linear regression analysis showed a very strong relationship between turbidity and TSS with a coefficient of determination of R² = 0.9936 and the regression equation TSS (mg/L) = 1.2634 × (NTU) + 2.3212 after outlier elimination. The relationship between TSS and sludge volume also showed a strong correlation with the equation Sludge Volume (mL/L) = 0.06 × (mg/L TSS) – 0.782 and an R² value of 0.9269. Time series observations indicated a shift in sedimentation mechanisms from flocculent settling to compression settling at high TSS concentrations. The compressibility phenomenon caused a reduction in sludge volume due to interparticle pressure during the settling process. Based on these findings, a mathematical model was developed to describe sludge accumulation and compressibility dynamically. The model was subsequently integrated into a Microsoft Excel-based monitoring dashboard to support sludge generation estimation and improve the determination of clarifier sludge discharge schedules more effectively. This study demonstrates that mathematical approaches and dashboard visualization can be utilized as a basis for operational control of sludge discharge in clarifier units.

APPLICATION OF A 50:50 COMBINATION OF ALUMINUM SULFATE (AL₂(SO₄)₃) AND PAPAYA SEED POWDER (Carica papaya L.) COAGULANTS ON TSS, COD, AND pH IN KARANG MUMUS RIVER WATER

Marnia Toding, Budi Nining Widarti, Searphin Nugroho — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 18:51:46 +0700

Sungai Karang Mumus merupakan salah satu sumber air baku utama di Kota Samarinda, Indonesia, dan kualitas airnya telah memburuk akibat aktivitas domestik dan perkotaan. Parameter polutan, termasuk Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan pH, telah melebihi standar kualitas udara yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai efektivitas aluminium sulfat dan bubuk biji pepaya, yang diterapkan secara individual dan kombinasi, sebagai koagulan untuk mengurangi TSS, COD, dan pH dalam air sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan uji jar. Sampel udara dikumpulkan dari Sungai Karang Mumus dekat Jembatan Perniagaan, Samarinda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis optimum aluminium sulfat adalah 0,08 g, mencapai efisiensi pengurangan COD sebesar 54%, sedangkan dosis optimum bubuk biji pepaya adalah 1 g, menghasilkan efisiensi pengurangan COD sebesar 91% sambil mempertahankan pH netral. Aluminium sulfat lebih efektif dalam mengurangi TSS, dengan efisiensi penghilangan sebesar 54%, sedangkan bubuk biji pepaya kurang efektif karena adanya partikel sisa organik yang tidak sepenuhnya mengendap. Kombinasi 50:50 dari kedua koagulan menghasilkan kinerja terbaik, mencapai efisiensi penghilangan COD sebesar 97,7% dan pH akhir 6,62, yang masih berada dalam standar kualitas udara yang berlaku.

EFFECTIVENESS ADSORTION EFFECTIVENESS OF ENROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTIC WASTE USING KOH ACTIVATED (CEIBA PENTANDRA) HULL HYDROCHAR

mohammad anas sairi — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 18:54:06 +0700

Water pollution caused by antibiotic residues—particularly enrofloxacin—is an escalating environmental concern due to their persistence and potential to foster microbial resistance. A promising approach to addressing this issue is the use of adsorption with biomass-based adsorbents. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of KOH-activated hydrochar derived from kapok (Ceiba pentandra) husks as an adsorbent for removing enrofloxacin from solution. It also sought to determine optimal adsorption conditions by examining variables such as particle size, adsorbent dosage, initial enrofloxacin concentration, pH, contact time, and water type. The hydrochar was produced via a hydrothermal process at 200°C for 10 hours and subsequently chemically activated using a 1 M KOH solution. Functional groups were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while enrofloxacin levels were analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 324 nm. The results demonstrated that 120-mesh hydrochar exhibited superior adsorption performance compared to 140-mesh and 160-mesh variants, offering an optimal balance of surface area, pore accessibility, and structural stability. Peak adsorption efficiency—approximately 73%—was achieved at pH 7 with an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, an initial enrofloxacin concentration of 5 mg/L, and a contact time of 60 minutes. Distilled water yielded the highest adsorption efficiency compared to rainwater and river water. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of O–H, aromatic C=C, and C–O functional groups, which facilitate the adsorption process through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π–π interactions. Overall, the study indicates that KOH-activated kapok husk hydrochar holds potential as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable adsorbent for treating wastewater containing antibiotic residues.

PERFORMANCE OF A MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR) IN THE REMOVAL OF COD, TSS, AND SURFACTANTS FROM LAUNDRY WASTEWATER

Reza Risanti — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 18:54:58 +0700

Laundry liquid waste contains organic materials and chemical compounds that can reduce environmental quality if not treated properly. One of the treatment methods that can be used is the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) with Kaldnes media. This study aims to determine the effect of residence time and type of Kaldnes media on COD elimination and to determine the kinetic characteristics of microorganism growth in each medium. The study was conducted using three aerobic MBBR reactors with variations of K1, K3, and K5 Kaldnes media. The residence time used was 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The kinetic parameters analyzed included specific growth rate (μ), biomass yield (Y), specific substrate consumption rate (q), and Monod kinetic parameters in the form of μmax and Ks. The results showed that the highest COD elimination efficiency at 96 hours of stay was obtained in K5 caldnes at 62%, followed by K3 at 59% and K1 at 54%. The μ values in K1, K3, and K5 were 0.0025 respectively; 0,0027; and 0.0027 hours⁻¹. The Y values are 0.80 each; 0,76; and 0.80 mg VSS/mg COD, while the q value was 0.0031; 0,0035; and 0.0033 mg COD/(mg VSS·hr). Based on the Monod approach, the μmax values were 0.0035 each; 0,0047; and 0.0045 hours⁻¹, while the Ks value is 239.23; 477,85; and 420 mg/L. K1 has the highest substrate affinity based on the lowest Ks value. Overall, K5 provides the best COD allowance, while K3 has the highest maximum growth potential.